Innovación digital en salud mental: aplicaciones móviles y telepsicología para el seguimiento clínico de víctimas
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Los desastres naturales constituyen eventos críticos que generan impactos significativos en la salud mental de las personas y comunidades afectadas. Durante los últimos años, el desarrollo de la psicología digital ha favorecido la incorporación de herramientas tecnológicas en la atención clínica, entre las cuales destacan las aplicaciones móviles de salud mental como recursos complementarios para el seguimiento clínico de poblaciones afectadas por desastres. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática y exhaustiva de la literatura científica en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, reconocidas por su alto impacto en salud y psicología. la cual se realizó siguiendo la guía PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Desde una perspectiva clínica, la evidencia respalda que las aplicaciones móviles sirven para dar seguimiento a síntomas, anticipar recaídas y mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento, especialmente en trastornos mentales. La integración de aplicaciones en el seguimiento clínico post-desastre requiere marcos normativos, criterios de calidad basada en evidencia, capacitación en telepsicología y políticas públicas para reducir la brecha digital. Se concluye que futuras investigaciones deben abocarse a estudios de implementación y evaluación en el contexto local para desarrollar evidencia contextualizada que guíe la toma de decisiones clínicas e institucionales.
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