Impact of screen use on child neurodevelopment: a Latin American and global narrative review

Abstract

This study examines the impact of screen use on children’s neurodevelopment, focusing on Latin America and comparing it with global trends. A bibliographic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Redalyc, as well as reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Findings indicate that only one in four children under two years meets screen-free recommendations, and just 35.6% of those aged two to five comply with the ≤1 hour per day limit (McArthur et al., 2022). In Latin America, exposure levels are higher and often lack adult supervision, which is associated with delays in language, attention, and executive functions. In contrast, regions such as Asia and Europe have reduced screen exposure through public policies and parental education programs. Excessive and passive screen time represents a significant risk factor for neurodevelopment, especially in environments with limited family stimulation. The results highlight the need for public policies, parental education, and active co-viewing strategies adapted to the Latin American context.