Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in the plant-mediated removal of zinc from contaminated soils in Mocache County, Los Ríos Province
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Soil contamination by zinc (Zn) is a limiting factor for plant productivity and an environmental risk in intensive agricultural systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic associations capable of modifying metal dynamics in the rhizosphere, contributing to the acquisition, immobilization, or controlled translocation of Zn under stress conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of AMF to enhance Zn phytoextraction in contaminated soils from Mocache, Ecuador, using Oryza sativa as a trap plant. Sixteen AMF species were identified, including Claroideoglomus lamellosum, Acaulospora colombiana, A. koskei, and A. bireticulata, all exhibiting low spore densities. Rice plants were inoculated with a commercial inoculum and exposed to Zn concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg kg⁻¹. Significant differences in plant height and number of leaves were observed among treatments, reflecting the interaction between AMF inoculation and metal stress. Although the analysis of variance did not show significant differences in soil Zn concentrations after the experiment, inoculated units showed decreasing trends. The findings indicate that AMF inoculation can enhance agronomic performance and support Zn phytoextraction, representing a viable alternative for the remediation of metal-contaminated agricultural soils.
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