Analysis of restorative justice as an alternative to the traditional penal system in Latin America
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This article analyzes restorative justice as an alternative to the traditional penal system in Latin America, starting from a context characterized by punitive inefficiency, prison overcrowding and poor resocialization of the offender. Through a systematic review of scientific literature indexed in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, empirical studies, regulatory frameworks and practical experiences in countries of the region were examined. The results show unequal progress in regulatory implementation, with greater emphasis on juvenile justice, and limited coverage in ordinary criminal justice. Colombia and Chile stand out for their legislative frameworks and pilot programs, although their scope is restricted to cases of low gravity. Institutional barriers -such as the resistance of the judicial system, lack of specialized training and scarce regulatory support- as well as sociocultural factors such as the punitive view of justice, limit the consolidation of the restorative approach. The study concludes that, despite the difficulties, restorative justice has a significant transformative potential, especially if it is articulated with community and intercultural practices. For its consolidation, political will, comprehensive reforms, professional training and a cultural shift towards reparation and dialogue are required.
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