Evaluación posocupacional integrada con sensores mejora bienestar y eficiencia energética residencial
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La vivienda contemporánea debe asegurar el bienestar de sus ocupantes y, a la vez, reducir consumos y emisiones, pero persiste una brecha entre el desempeño esperado y el observado por la heterogeneidad metodológica y la falta de monitoreo continuo e integración entre mediciones objetivas y percepción del usuario; por ello, este artículo revisa el estado del arte de la evaluación posocupacional integrada con sensores en el ámbito residencial. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria con protocolo a priori, búsqueda en bases de datos de arquitectura e ingeniería, horizonte 2000–2025, criterios de inclusión centrados en viviendas ocupadas que combinan sensores del ambiente interior o energía con instrumentos posocupacionales, y síntesis descriptiva y temática con evaluación de calidad. Resultados: la evidencia muestra que el monitoreo continuo multivariable permite detectar episodios y causas de disconfort, cuantificar la brecha de desempeño y orientar medidas operativas y de aprendizaje del usuario; además, los enfoques centrados en el ocupante y la convergencia entre datos objetivos y subjetivos mejoran la comparabilidad y la toma de decisiones, aunque la escalabilidad exige atender privacidad, interoperabilidad y garantía metrológica. Conclusiones: la evaluación posocupacional instrumentada puede mejorar simultáneamente bienestar y eficiencia energética si se estandarizan protocolos y se fortalece la gobernanza de datos para aplicaciones residenciales replicables.
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