Analysis of energy efficiency in hybrid propulsion systems for land vehicles
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The growing concern about climate change has prompted the study of more efficient vehicle technologies, with hybrid propulsion systems being a key alternative in the transition towards sustainable mobility. This study develops a systematic literature review focused on the energy efficiency of ground-based hybrid systems, analyzing architectural configurations and energy management strategies. Scientific sources indexed between 2018 and 2023 were consulted, employing rigorous inclusion criteria and comparative qualitative analysis techniques. The results show that combined hybrid systems are more efficient than series and parallel configurations, due to their operational flexibility and dynamic optimization of energy use. Likewise, the positive impact of Model Predictive Control in real-time energy management is highlighted, anticipating energy demands and optimizing resources under variable operating conditions. The discussion highlights the technological superiority of combined architectures and the effectiveness of predictive control in complex urban contexts. It is concluded that the integration of these technologies represents a strategic way to improve the performance of hybrid vehicles and to advance towards global decarbonization goals in the transport sector.
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