Imaging Diagnosis of Impacted Teeth in Pediatrics: Impact on Maxillofacial Surgery Decisions, with a Focus on Supernumerary Teeth
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The accurate diagnosis of dental eruption anomalies in pediatric patients represents a critical multidisciplinary challenge in pediatric dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Retention of permanent teeth and the presence of supernumerary teeth with a special emphasis on mesiodens lead to severe morphological, functional, and aesthetic complications, such as root resorption of adjacent teeth, the formation of dentigerous cysts, and alterations in arch length. This study evaluates the impact of diagnostic imaging by comparing conventional two-dimensional radiography with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in maxillofacial surgical decision-making in the pediatric population. Through a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, MEDES, and Trip Database, studies published between 2021 and 2026 were analyzed. The results demonstrate that CBCT modifies the planned surgical approach in 43.6% of complex cases, allowing for precise three-dimensional localization, evaluation of the cortical and medullary bone, and preservation of vascular and neural structures. It is concluded that three-dimensional radiology optimizes treatment predictability, minimizes surgical morbidity, and guides interceptive interventions while rigorously balancing pediatric radiation protection.
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