It presents a selection of studies that explore the interaction between scientific knowledge and current social processes. In a world marked by environmental crises, digital transformations, structural inequalities and accelerated cultural changes, this volume proposes a space for critical and propositional analysis from multiple disciplines. The articles included address topics such as public health, sustainability, governance, education, communication and technology, showing how science can respond - and adapt - to the needs of contemporary society. This issue encourages an active dialogue between academia and the community, promoting research that not only explains current phenomena, but also provides viable, inclusive and ethically grounded solutions to the challenges of the present.