Estrategias de agricultura regenerativa para mejorar la salud del suelo
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La degradación progresiva del suelo, intensificada por prácticas agrícolas convencionales, representa una amenaza crítica para la sostenibilidad agroalimentaria. Este estudio tiene como propósito analizar, mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistemática en bases de datos indexadas, las estrategias de agricultura regenerativa más efectivas para restaurar la salud del suelo. Se utilizaron criterios de inclusión rigurosos que priorizaron estudios empíricos revisados por pares sobre cultivos de cobertura, compostaje y rotación diversificada de cultivos. Los resultados evidencian que estas prácticas mejoran significativamente la estructura, fertilidad, actividad microbiana y capacidad de retención de agua del suelo, al tiempo que fortalecen servicios ecosistémicos como el secuestro de carbono y la resistencia a la erosión. Asimismo, se identifican sinergias funcionales entre dichas estrategias, especialmente cuando se aplican de forma conjunta y adaptada al contexto edafoclimático. El análisis concluye que la agricultura regenerativa constituye un enfoque viable, resiliente y ecológicamente restaurador, aunque su efectividad depende de factores locales y de una implementación sostenida, respaldada por políticas públicas e innovación agronómica.
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