Research that examines the way in which theoretical frameworks of knowledge are transferred to the understanding and solution of current problems. This volume discusses the applicability of various epistemological currents in the face of complex scenarios such as environmental crisis, socio-political conflicts, educational transformation and technological evolution. The selected articles address the role of epistemology not only as a philosophical reflection, but also as a practical tool to interpret, intervene and transform reality from multiple disciplines. Priority is given to critical, decolonial, systemic and transdisciplinary approaches that enrich contemporary scientific production. This issue seeks to promote a science that thinks its own method, that questions its foundations and that dialogues with concrete realities through flexible, ethically committed and socially relevant theoretical frameworks.